• Abstract
  Biyaha wasakhda ah ee cusbada leh, ee laga soo saaro hababka warshadaha sida sifaynta saliidda, warshadaynta kiimikada, iyo dhirta nadiifinta, waxay keenaysaa caqabado deegaan iyo dhaqaale oo muhiim ah sababtoo ah isku-dhafan adag iyo milix badan. Hababka daaweynta dhaqameed, oo ay ku jiraan uumiga iyo sifaynta xuubka, inta badan waxay la halgamaan tamar la'aanta ama wasakhowga sare. Codsiga ion-membrane electrolysis sida hab cusub oo lagu daaweyo biyaha wasakhda ah ee cusbada leh. Iyada oo la adeegsanayo mabaadi'da korantada kiimikada iyo xuubabka is-weydaarsiga ion-ka, tignoolajiyadani waxay bixisaa xalal suurtagal ah oo soo kabashada milixda, xaalufka organic, iyo nadiifinta biyaha. Hababka gaadiidka ion-doorashada, hufnaanta tamarta, iyo miisaanka ayaa laga wada hadlay, oo ay weheliyaan caqabadaha sida xuubabka wasakhda iyo daxalka. Daraasadaha kiisaska iyo horumarradii ugu dambeeyay waxay muujinayaan doorka rajada leh ee ion-membrane electrolysers ee maaraynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee waara.

• 1. Hordhac*
  Biyaha wasakhda ah ee cusbada leh, oo lagu garto adkaha la milmay ee ka sarreeya 5,000 mg/L, ayaa ah arrin muhiim ah warshadaha halkaas oo dib-u-isticmaalka biyaha iyo dheecaanka eber-ka ah (ZLD) mudnaanta la siinayo. Daawaynta caadiga ah sida reverse osmosis (RO) iyo uumi-baxa kulaylka waxay la kulmaan xaddidaad xagga maaraynta xaaladaha cusbada sare leh, taasoo horseedaysa kharashyo hawleed oo sarreeya iyo xuubka wasakhda. Ion-membrane electrolysis, oo asal ahaan loo sameeyay soo saarista chlor-alkali, ayaa u soo baxday sidii beddelaad badan. Farsamadan waxay isticmaashaa xuubabka ion-doorashada si ay u kala soocaan una xakameeyaan socdaalka ion inta lagu jiro electrolysis, taasoo awood u siinaya nadiifinta biyaha isku mar ah iyo soo kabashada kheyraadka.

• 2. Mabda'a Ion-Membrane Electrolysis*
  Electrolyzer-ka ion-membrane wuxuu ka kooban yahay anode, cathode, iyo xuubka is-beddelka-is-beddelka ama xuubka anion-exchange. Inta lagu jiro korantada:
• Membrane-isweydaarsiga:Oggolow cations (tusaale, Na⁺, Ca²⁺) in ay dhaafaan marka la xannibayo anions (Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻), hagayaan u hijrada ion dhanka korantada.
• Falcelinta Electrochemical:
• Anode:Oxidation of chloride ions waxay keentaa gaasta koloriin iyo hypochlorite, kuwaas oo hoos u dhiga organics oo jeermiya biyaha.
  2Cl−→Cl2+2e−2Cl⁻ → Cl₂ + 2e⁻2Cl-→Cl2+2e-
• Cathod:Yaraynta biyaha waxay soo saartaa gaasta hydrogen iyo ion hydroxide, kor u qaadida pH iyo kor u qaadida roobabka ion birta.
  2H2O+2e-→H2+2OH−2H₂O + 2e⁻ → H₂ + 2OH⁻2H2O+2e-→H2+2OH-
• Kala saarista milixda:Xuubku waxa uu fududeeyaa gaadiidka ion ee la xushay, taas oo awood u siinaysa fiirsashada brine iyo soo kabashada biyaha macaan.

3. Codsiyada ku jira Daaweynta Biyaha-Salinity-sare*
a.Soo kabashada milixda iyo Valorization brine
Nidaamyada Ion-membrane waxay xooga saari karaan durdurrada brine (tusaale, diidmada RO) ee crystallization milixda ama soosaarka sodium hydroxide. Tusaale ahaan, dhirta nadiifinta biyaha badda waxay ka soo kaban karaan NaCl sida wax soo saarkooda.

b.Nabaad-guurka Wasakhowga Dabiiciga ah
oksidation Electrochemical at anode jebiyo organics refractory iyada oo loo marayo oksaydhiyeyaasha xooggan sida ClO⁻ iyo HOCl. Daraasaduhu waxay muujinayaan 90% ka saarista xeryahooda phenolic ee HSW la isku daray.

c.Burburinta Birta Culus
Xaaladaha alkaline ee cathode-ku waxay dhaliyaan roobabka birta ah (tusaale, Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺), gaaritaanka> 95% hufnaanta saarista.

d.Sifaynta Biyaha
Tijaabooyinka cabbirka tijaabada ahi waxay muujinayaan heerka soo kabashada biyaha saafiga ah ee ka badan 80% iyadoo korantadu laga dhimay 150,000 µS/cm ilaa <1,000 µS/cm.